Autres références : Applications
Facilitating bid evaluation in public call for tenders: a socio-technical approach
Bana e Costa C.A.; CorrÍa E.C.; De Corte J.-M.; Vansnick J.-C.
OMEGA The International Journal of Management Science, 2002, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 227-242
Abstract:
A specific multicriteria socio-technical approach to facilitating bid evaluation processes is presented and several issues that warrant its use are discussed. Some real-world interventions in international public call for tenders illustrate practical aspects of structuring criteria and creating a computer-based additive value model in direct interaction with Evaluation Committees responsible for bid evaluation, supported by the macbeth approach.
Qualitative modelling of credit scoring: a case study in banking
Bana e Costa C.A.; Barroso, L.; Soares, J.O.
Journal of European Research Studies, 2002, vol. V, no. 1-2, pp. 37-51
Abstract:
Several modelling procedures have been suggested in the literature that aim to help credit granting decisions. Most of these utilize statistical, operational research and artificial intelligence techniques to identify patterns among past applications, in order to enable a more well-informed assessment of risk as well as the automation of credit scoring. For some types of loans, we find that the modelling procedure must permit the consideration of qualitative expert judgements concerning the performance attractiveness of the applications. In this paper, we describe in detail the various steps taken to build such a model in the context of the banking sector, using the macbeth interactive approach. The model addresses the scoring of medium and long term loans to firms, to enable the multicriteria assignment of each application to a category which may range from rejection to acceptance with different spreads.
Multicriteria approach for strategic town planning: the case of Barcelos
Bana e Costa C.A.; Costa-Lobo M.L.; Ramos I.A.J.; Vansnick J.-C.
in Aiding Decisions with Multiple Criteria: Essays in Honour of Bernard Roy, D. Bouyssou, E. Jacquet-LagrËze, P. Perny, R. Slowinsky, D. Vanderpooten, P. Vincke (eds.), 2002, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Book Series: International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, vol. 44, pp. 429-456.
Abstract:
Barcelos was one of the medium sized Portuguese towns selected to be included in a governmental program aiming at restructuring the country urban network. Each town had to prepare a "City Strategic Plan" as a previous condition to get financial support for the implementation of its strategy. This paper describes how a multicriteria methodology, enhanced with problem structuring techniques, supported the construction of a strategy for Barcelos in direct interaction with planners and the local elected politicians in a decision-conferencing framework. This was a socio-technical and learning process that successfully implemented, in a strategic town-planning context, what Bernard Roy defined as ìdecision aidingî.
Assigning priorities for maintenance, repair and refurbishment in managing a municipal housing stock
Bana e Costa C.A.; Oliveira R.C.
European Journal of Operational Research, 2002, vol. 138, no. 2, pp. 380-391
Abstract:
The municipality of Lisbon owns a large housing stock that requires maintenance, repair and refurbishment. Taken together, these activities imply a financial effort each year that clearly exceeds the available budget, and therefore it is critical that the decisions on which sub-set of potential activities should be carried out in each coming year are based on sound analysis and evaluation. The design and construction process of a model to assist the Lisbon Municipality to assign priorities to these activities is described. The macbeth approach was extensively used, in an interactive and constructive process, to derive the value functions associated with each criterion and their respective weights, reflecting municipal policies and their officials preferences and attitudes. The paper also presents the procedure used to determine multidimensional reference-profiles that define urgency categories, enabling to assign each potential action to one of these categories. Finally, a specific model was defined to aggregate elemental building jobs in ''packages'', when there are arguments (in terms of cost reduction, action coherence, urban environment impact synergies, etc.) that favour their joint execution under a single contract.
The use of multi-criteria decision analysis to support the search for less conflicting policy options in a multi-actor context: case study
Bana e Costa C.A.
Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 2001, vol. 10, Issue 2, pp. 111-125
Abstract:
Public resource allocation often requires the management of conflicting objectives of multiple policy actors at different spatial levels. An example is the case study on which this paper is based: the definition of an investment policy in new inter-municipal road-links in the Lisbon Metropolitan Region (LMR) for the period 1999-2004. The key regional (inter-municipal) objective is to choose the sub-set of proposed road projects that maximizes the quality of LMR's road network for a fixed available budget. Conflict arises, however, if environmental, social and economic impacts at the level of the 18 municipalities involved are significantly unbalanced. This paper describes how multi-criteria decision analysis' concepts, techniques and software tools were used to analyse spatial conflicts in the LMR case. The study provided the decision-making body formed by all the municipal mayors with useful information about how much it is necessary to negotiate to reach an agreement on a specific investment policy option.
Conflict dissolution in the public sector: A case-study
Bana e Costa C.A.; Nunes da Silva F.; Vansnick J.-C.
European Journal of Operational Research, 2001, vol. 130, no. 2, pp. 388-401
Abstract:
The construction of a new railway link to the port of Lisbon has been postponed many times as a result of a conflict of different viewpoints held by various public stakeholders, namely between the municipality of Lisbon and the Lisbon Railway Node Bureau, while the Portuguese Railway Company has assumed a more flexible attitude. Over recent years, three groups of solutions, totalling nine alternative projects, have been proposed by each of these three actors, but none has been simultaneously accepted by all the three. The development of the urbanisation plan for Alc‚ntara (the zone of the city where the railway line links to the port) has presented an opportunity to try to dissolve the conflict. This paper describes the multicriteria approach followed to support the creation of a new ''good'' (win-win) compromise solution by the planning team based on the study of the consequences of the existing alternatives. In particular, we describe the structuring phase of the study and the use of a disaggregation-aggregation approach to take into account the different value systems of the stakeholders.
Decision Support Systems in action: Integrated application in a multicriteria decision aid process
Bana e Costa C.A.; Ensslin L.; CorrÍa E.C.; Vansnick J.-C.
European Journal of Operational Research, 1999, vol. 113, no. 2, pp. 315-335
Abstract:
We describe a real application of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in which several Decision Support Systems (DSSs) were harmoniously integrated in the interactive learning process of tackling the complex strategic problematic situation faced by the Santa Catarina textile industry, in the south of Brazil. We feel that two significant conclusions can be drawn from our conjoint use of Graphics COPE, macbeth, V.I.S.A, and EQUITY in building a model of values: (1) Providing decision-support is much more than merely applying a technical tool to solve a well-defined decision problem; it is, at least it was in our case, a complex (but exciting) activity of someone (the facilitator) who, with the support of adequate methodological and technical tools, progressively tried to shed light on an initially ill-structured decision-making process. (2) Under a constructive attitude in decision-aid, DSSs became effective tools for helping the facilitators to help the decision-actors, both in the structuring and evaluation phases of the process, and in creating new decision opportunities. In particular, visual man-machine interaction greatly contributed to the actors' learning about their problem and values. Moreover, visually appealing sensitivity analyses increased the problem-owners' trust in the recommendations elaborated from the model.
Applications of the macbeth approach in the framework of an additive aggregation model
Bana e Costa C.A.; Stewart T.J.; Vansnick J.-C.
Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 1997, vol. 6, Issue 2, pp. 107-114
Abstract:
In measurement theory terminology, macbeth is an interactive approach for mapping into a real scale the various degrees to which the elements of a finite set possess a property P. The originality of macbeth's questioning procedure is the possibility of establishing a constructive path towards cardinal measurement in both quantitative and substantive meaningful terms, avoiding the operational problems recognized as a weakness of other procedures. The use of the notion of semantic absolute judgements plays a key role here and the simplicity, interactivity and constructiveness of our approach insert it in the modern paradigms of decision aid. This article illustrates the usefulness of macbeth as a tool to facilitate decision support, by describing its application in two real public decision situations where we acted as facilitators. Although the cases correspond to quite different decision contexts and problematics and our interventions have addressed diverse issues, they have in common the fact that we conducted both evaluation processes in the framework of an additive multicriteria aggregation procedure. In the first case macbeth has been used to support the construction of (local) cardinal value functions, while the second illustrates how our approach can serve as a weighting procedure to determine the scaling constants of an additive aggregation model.